Colorado Divorce with Children

Everything you need to know about divorce with children in Colorado — custody types, child support guidelines, parenting plans, and protecting your children through the process. Updated for 2026.

Types of Custody in Colorado

Legal Custody

The right to make major decisions about your child's education, healthcare, religion, and welfare.

Joint:Both parents share decision-making authority
Sole:One parent has exclusive decision-making authority

Physical Custody

Determines where the child lives on a day-to-day basis and the parenting time schedule.

Joint:Child splits time between both households
Primary:Child lives mainly with one parent; other gets visitation

"Best Interests of the Child" Factors

Colorado courts consider multiple factors when determining custody arrangements:

Parent-Child Bond: The emotional relationship between each parent and the child
Stability: Each parent's ability to provide a stable home environment
Co-Parenting Ability: Each parent's willingness to foster the child's relationship with the other parent
Child's Adjustment: The child's adjustment to home, school, and community
Mental & Physical Health: The mental and physical health of all parties involved
Child's Preference: The child's reasonable preference (if old enough to express one)
History of Abuse: Any history of domestic violence, abuse, or neglect
Work Schedules: Each parent's work schedule and availability to the child

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Child Support in Colorado

Income shares Model

Colorado uses the Income Shares Model under C.R.S. § 14-10-115. Both parents' adjusted gross incomes are combined to determine the Basic Child Support Obligation from a statutory schedule. Each parent's proportionate share is based on their percentage of combined income. Adjustments are made for health insurance, childcare costs, extraordinary medical expenses, and shared parenting time (multiplied by 1.50 for shared physical care). The guidelines apply to combined adjusted gross income up to statutory limits.

Official Colorado child support calculator →

Factors Considered

Both parents' gross income
Number of children
Custody arrangement / parenting time
Health insurance costs for children
Childcare expenses
Special needs of the child
Other child support obligations
Standard of living during marriage

Additional Forms Required (Children)

FormName
JDF 1113Parenting Plan
JDF 1120Support Order

Mandatory Parenting Course

Colorado requires both parents to complete a parenting education course when filing for divorce with minor children.

Under C.R.S. § 14-10-123.7, the court may order parents with children under 18 to attend a court-approved parenting education program in dissolution, legal separation, or parental responsibility proceedings. Most judicial districts require the course to be completed within 42 days of receiving the court order. Costs range from $30 to $50 per parent and are paid by each participant based on ability to pay.

Typical cost: $40

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What Goes in a Parenting Plan?

A comprehensive parenting plan should cover:

Regular Parenting Schedule

Week-by-week schedule of where the child lives and when transitions occur.

Holiday & Vacation Schedule

How holidays, school breaks, and vacation time are divided between parents.

Decision-Making Authority

Who makes decisions about education, healthcare, extracurriculars, and religious upbringing.

Communication Rules

How the child communicates with the non-custodial parent (phone, video calls, etc.).

Transportation & Exchange

Who handles pickups/dropoffs and where exchanges occur.

Dispute Resolution

How disagreements about the parenting plan will be resolved (mediation first, then court).

Relocation Rules

Notice requirements and procedure if either parent wants to move.

Tips for Protecting Your Children During Divorce

1.

Never speak negatively about the other parent in front of your children. It puts them in the middle and can harm your custody case.

2.

Maintain routines. Keep school, activities, and daily routines as consistent as possible during the transition.

3.

Communicate openly with your children in age-appropriate ways. Let them know the divorce is not their fault.

4.

Consider counseling. A child therapist can help children process their emotions during this time.

Frequently Asked Questions

How is child custody decided in Colorado?
Colorado courts determine custody based on the "best interests of the child" standard. Factors include each parent's relationship with the child, ability to provide stable housing, mental and physical health, and the child's preferences (if old enough). Courts generally favor arrangements that allow both parents significant time with the child.
How is child support calculated in Colorado?
Colorado uses the income shares model to calculate child support. Colorado uses the Income Shares Model under C.R.S. § 14-10-115. Both parents' adjusted gross incomes are combined to determine the Basic Child Support Obligation from a statutory schedule. Each parent's proportionate share is based on their percentage of combined income. Adjustments are made for health insurance, childcare costs, extraordinary medical expenses, and shared parenting time (multiplied by 1.50 for shared physical care). The guidelines apply to combined adjusted gross income up to statutory limits.
Is a parenting course required for divorce with children in Colorado?
Yes, Colorado requires parents to complete a parenting course during divorce proceedings. Under C.R.S. § 14-10-123.7, the court may order parents with children under 18 to attend a court-approved parenting education program in dissolution, legal separation, or parental responsibility proceedings. Most judicial districts require the course to be completed within 42 days of receiving the court order. Costs range from $30 to $50 per parent and are paid by each participant based on ability to pay.
What is the difference between legal custody and physical custody in Colorado?
Legal custody refers to the right to make important decisions about the child's upbringing (education, healthcare, religion). Physical custody refers to where the child lives. Both can be sole (one parent) or joint (shared). Colorado courts can award different arrangements for legal and physical custody.
Can child support be modified in Colorado?
Yes, child support orders in Colorado can be modified when there is a substantial change in circumstances, such as a significant change in either parent's income, changes in custody arrangements, or changes in the child's needs. You must petition the court for a modification.

Related Colorado Guides

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